NAIROBI, Kenya – Buhari’s formative years were deeply influenced by a strong military and religious culture.
He began his education in a Qur’anic school, where he also helped rear cattle, before attending Katsina Middle School, graduating in 1953.
He then proceeded to Katsina Provincial Secondary School (now Government College, Katsina), where he served as house captain and head boy during his sixth form.
In 1960, he received a scholarship from Elder Dempster Lines for a summer visit to the United Kingdom.
Although Buhari initially aspired to become a doctor, limited options at the time meant he could only pursue pharmacology at the Nigerian College of Arts, Science, and Technology in Zaria — a path he found too long.
He was persuaded by his uncle Mamman Daura to consider a military career instead.
Military Career and Rise to Power
In 1962, Buhari joined the Nigerian Military Training College (NMTC) and furthered his training at the prestigious Mons Officer Cadet School in the UK.
When NMTC was upgraded in 1964, it became the Nigerian Defence Academy, responsible for commissioning officers into the Nigerian Army.
Buhari rose steadily through the ranks, serving in several key positions, including as brigade major and Director of Transport and Supply at the Nigerian Army Corps.
He was a prominent figure in Nigeria’s military coups, notably participating in the 1975 coup that deposed General Yakubu Gowon.
In December 1983, Buhari led a successful coup that overthrew the civilian government of President Shehu Shagari, becoming Nigeria’s military Head of State.
His regime, though short-lived, was known for its strict anti-corruption stance and controversial human rights record.
He was ousted in another coup in August 1985, led by General Ibrahim Babangida.
Transition to Politics
Following his removal from power, Buhari retired from active military service and began to pursue a career in politics.
He ran unsuccessfully for the Nigerian presidency in 2003, 2007, and 2011, under various platforms.
In 2015, Buhari made a historic comeback, winning the presidential election as the flagbearer of the All Progressives Congress (APC).
He defeated incumbent Goodluck Jonathan, marking the first democratic transfer of power between two opposition parties in Nigeria’s history.
Buhari was re-elected in 2019, serving a second term until May 2023.
Presidency: Achievements and Criticisms
Buhari’s two-term presidency was defined by a mix of major policy efforts and persistent national challenges.
He battled a struggling economy, growing insecurity fueled by Boko Haram insurgency, and widespread corruption.
He introduced economic recovery plans, initiated agricultural reforms, and launched anti-corruption drives — earning praise from some quarters and criticism from others who accused his administration of selective justice and human rights abuses.
While Buhari was commended for infrastructure investments and efforts to restore fiscal discipline, his tenure also faced backlash over inflation, rising debt, and alleged authoritarian tendencies.
Muhammadu Buhari’s legacy remains complex — a former military ruler who returned to power through the ballot box and led Nigeria during a turbulent era.
His leadership style, marked by discipline and a no-nonsense approach, endeared him to some while alienating others.
