NAIROBI, Kenya – President William Ruto has signed into law the Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes (Amendment) Bill, 2024, a move that has ignited debate over digital freedoms and state control of online spaces.
The Bill, which Ruto assented to on October 15, was among seven others signed days before the announcement of opposition leader Raila Odinga’s death.
While most of the laws drew little controversy, the cybercrime amendments have triggered public scrutiny for their potential impact on privacy, free expression, and online accountability.
Wider Powers to Regulate Online Platforms
Sponsored by Wajir East MP Aden Mohamed, the Bill strengthens the government’s ability to regulate and restrict online content deemed unlawful.
It empowers the National Computer and Cybercrimes Co-ordination Committee (NC4) to direct internet service providers to block access to websites or applications that promote illegal activities, child pornography, terrorism, or extreme religious or cultic practices.
The committee’s expanded mandate has raised fears among digital rights advocates that it could be used to censor dissenting views or critical online publications under the guise of national security.
Harsher Penalties for Online Offences
The amendments also widen the scope of cyber harassment, making it an offence to send any communication likely to incite violence, cause property damage, or seriously distress an individual.
Offenders face penalties of up to KSh20 million in fines or 10 years in prison, or both.
The law further tightens rules on phishing and identity theft, extending them to fraudulent emails and phone calls designed to obtain personal data. Such offences now attract up to three years in jail or a KSh300,000 fine.
A new clause, Section 42A, introduces the offence of unauthorised SIM-swap, criminalising attempts to illegally assume control of another person’s mobile line. Convicted offenders face a fine of up to KSh200,000 or two years in prison.
Mixed Reaction Over Motives
The government says the law aims to strengthen Kenya’s cybersecurity framework and protect citizens from emerging digital threats, especially cyber fraud, terrorism, and online exploitation of minors.
However, critics argue that the amendments could erode online freedoms and give the state sweeping powers to monitor and control digital platforms.
Former Chief Justice David Maraga is among those who have questioned the President’s timing, faulting Ruto for signing controversial laws during a period of national mourning following Odinga’s death.
