NAIROBI, Kenya — The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) is conducting groundbreaking research to develop a maternal vaccine aimed at protecting newborns from life-threatening infections contracted in hospitals shortly after birth.
The initiative follows rising concern over hospital-acquired infections among neonates, particularly preterm and low-birth-weight babies who often remain admitted for extended medical observation.
A KEMRI study conducted between 2020 and 2023 across several hospitals found a worrying increase in neonatal infections.
Researchers linked the spike to overcrowded maternity wards, poor sanitation, and limited access to clean water.
They warned that without stronger infection prevention measures, newborns will continue to face serious health risks.
“So what we’ve noticed with neonates is that when they’re admitted, especially preterm or low-birth-weight babies, they are highly susceptible to bacteria,” one KEMRI researcher said.
“Unfortunately, the bacteria they encounter in hospitals are often highly resistant.”
The study identified Klebsiella pneumoniae as one of the main causes of hospital-acquired infections in newborns.
The bacterium thrives in healthcare environments and has developed resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, making treatment difficult and costly.
Under the proposed approach, expectant mothers would receive the vaccine during pregnancy. The immunization would trigger the production of antibodies that are then passed to the baby, offering protection during the critical first weeks of life.
“The idea is to give mothers immunity against Klebsiella so that when they give birth, their children are protected from infection,” the researcher explained.
Maternal vaccination is an established public health strategy used to protect infants against diseases such as tetanus and influenza.
Health experts say applying the model to combat drug-resistant hospital infections could significantly reduce neonatal mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
According to national health data and World Health Organization estimates, neonatal infections remain a leading cause of infant deaths globally, with sub-Saharan Africa bearing a disproportionate burden.
Kenya’s Constitution under Article 43 guarantees every person the right to the highest attainable standard of health, including reproductive and maternal healthcare.
Strengthening neonatal infection prevention aligns with these obligations.
Public health experts caution, however, that vaccines alone will not solve the crisis.
They emphasize the need for improved hygiene standards, expanded access to clean water in health facilities, and reduced congestion in maternity wards.
“Vaccination is a promising scientific solution, but it must go hand in hand with systemic improvements in infection control,” a Nairobi-based paediatric infectious disease specialist said.
If successful, the KEMRI-led initiative could position Kenya as a regional leader in neonatal health innovation.
It may also contribute to Africa’s growing role in vaccine research and development, at a time when global health systems are grappling with rising antimicrobial resistance.
