NAIVASHA, Kenya — The number of street-connected persons in Kenya has declined by more than 60 per cent over the past eight years, according to the 2025 National Census for Street Families report.
The report shows that the population of street families dropped from more than 46,000 people in 2018 to 18,049 in 2025, reflecting what government officials describe as the impact of sustained rehabilitation and reintegration programmes.
Despite the decline, major urban centres continue to account for the largest share of street-connected populations, with Nairobi, Nakuru, and Mombasa recording the highest numbers.
Nairobi Still Records Highest Numbers
According to the census, Nairobi leads with 4,690 street-connected persons, followed by Nakuru with 1,546, Mombasa with 1,428, and Kiambu with 1,370.
Counties with the lowest numbers include Nyandarua, Lamu, and Tana River.
The report further indicates that men and boys continue to dominate the street population, accounting for 78.6pc of those counted, while women and girls make up 21.4pc.
Government Commits More Resources
Speaking during the launch of the report at Avian Courts in Naivasha, Gender, Culture and Children Services Cabinet Secretary Hanna Wendot said the government remains committed to eliminating street families through rehabilitation, skills training, and reintegration programmes.
She noted that Kenya has made significant progress since the rehabilitation initiative began in 2003.
“Rising poverty, economic hardships, drug and substance abuse, and social and family instability are the major factors driving most people to the streets,” Wendot said.
The CS announced that the government has allocated Sh40 million towards rehabilitation programmes, capacity building, and vocational skills development for vulnerable populations.
She added that many street-connected individuals had expressed a willingness to leave street life if provided with sustainable alternatives.
Digital System Launched
During the event, Wendot also unveiled the Street Families Information Management System, a digital platform designed to provide real-time data for planning and implementing interventions.
Officials say the platform will improve tracking, monitoring, and coordination of programmes targeting street-connected populations across the country.
The CS also addressed the recent rise in school unrest and arson cases, urging parents and communities to play a more active role in guiding young people and addressing behavioural challenges.
Poverty and Family Challenges Identified
Mary Wambui said the agency is seeking additional resources to expand rehabilitation centres and equip beneficiaries with practical life skills.
“Increased poverty levels, corporal punishment, denial of food, and drunkard parents are the main causes of children running away to the streets,” Wambui said.
The findings point to a complex mix of economic and social factors that continue to push vulnerable individuals into street life despite progress made over the years.
Substance Abuse and Violence Remain Major Concerns
The report raises concerns about widespread substance abuse among street-connected populations.
According to the findings, 71pc of street families reported using at least one substance, with glue, cannabis, and alcohol emerging as the most commonly abused substances.
The census also highlights persistent cases of sexual, physical, and emotional violence, particularly affecting women and girls living on the streets.
Many respondents reported experiencing abuse from fellow street dwellers as well as encounters with law enforcement officers.
Limited access to healthcare services was also identified as a major challenge facing street-connected persons.
KNBS Credits Targeted Interventions
Macdonald Obudho attributed the significant reduction in street families to targeted interventions, stronger family support systems, and coordinated government programmes.
He also revealed that the next national population census, planned for the 2028/29 financial year, will for the first time incorporate refugees and asylum seekers to provide a more comprehensive demographic picture.
While officials welcomed the sharp decline in street populations, they acknowledged that thousands of Kenyans remain vulnerable and stressed the need for sustained investment in rehabilitation, social protection and family support programmes to achieve lasting solutions.
