KAMPALA, Uganda — Uganda’s parliament has passed a controversial law regulating foreign funding and political activity, drawing sharp criticism from rights groups and opposition leaders who warn it could be used to silence dissent.
The legislation, formally titled the Protection of Sovereignty Bill, introduces sweeping restrictions on individuals and organisations receiving external funding. It now awaits assent by President Yoweri Museveni, who has ruled the East African nation for nearly 40 years.
Lawmakers approved the bill late Tuesday after a heated debate and a series of amendments. Supporters argue the law is necessary to protect Uganda’s sovereignty from foreign interference in its domestic affairs.
“It is a historic bill,” Speaker of Parliament Anita Among said during proceedings.
Under the new law, individuals or entities that receive foreign funding may be labelled “agents of foreigners.” The legislation criminalises actions deemed to promote foreign interests over those of Uganda and bars such actors from engaging in political activities linked to external influence.
Convictions carry penalties of up to 20 years in prison.
Proponents within the ruling National Resistance Movement say the measure will shield Uganda’s governance systems from undue external pressure. “This has been a monumental achievement,” MP Kajwengye Twinomugisha Wilson said, defending the bill’s passage.
However, critics argue the law’s language is broad and open to interpretation, raising concerns that it could be weaponised against civil society, journalists, and political opponents.
International watchdog Human Rights Watch said the law “mimics” legislation used in Russia and allied states, where similar frameworks have been deployed to suppress independent voices.
The group warned that vague provisions could allow authorities to target any organisation or individual perceived as critical of the government.
Opposition MP Gilbert Olanya cautioned that the law establishes a “punitive sanctions regime” that could also harm Uganda’s economy by discouraging foreign partnerships and investment.
Key amendments were introduced before passage. Lawmakers removed a clause that would have classified Ugandans living abroad as “foreigners.”
The bill was also revised to exempt certain categories, including regulated institutions, medical facilities, faith-based organisations, and academic or research bodies operating within approved legal frameworks.
The changes followed intervention by Museveni, who urged legislators to ensure the law does not disrupt capital flows while maintaining restrictions on what he described as foreign political influence.
